![]() Grace offers a choice of two editors for code: one, a Lisp editor for Scheme code, and the other, a Sal editor for entering Simple Algorithmic Language (SAL) code. You can download all of the Scheme examples shown in this article from the following link: s7_examples.zip The code from example 1, below, outputs to a score file which is playable by Csound, using Csound as a standalone application. You may also need to click the Audio menu, then Csound, and uncheck "Play Scorefiles", in order to generate a file to disk, since we are not using realtime Csound at this point. To evaluate this expression in a new Lisp editor (.scm) file, type it, point the cursor past the last parenthesis, and press command plus return on the Mac or control plus enter on Linux. The Common Music 3 Dictionary explains that the following calls are equivalent:Ī simple approach to begin coding output to generate a sequence of Csound score statements, as shown below, is to utilize a control loop employing Scheme code. ![]() The statement really does not do anything yet, but it does resemble the familiar syntax of a Csound score statement with the addition of a the cs keyword prepended to the syntax, and surrounded by Lisp parentheses. The six pfields of a line of a Csound score file are represented by an instrument number, start time, duration, frequency, waveform or gen routine, and amplitude. 3.9.0 (2013), and Csound 6.01.Ī simple line of Csound score file algol can be expressed using s7 from Grace in the manner shown below. Versions used for this article were Fedora 19, Grace Beta4 vers. Thus the use of Scheme for generating expressions, lists, loops, and functions employing Common Music to create Csound note lists is an effective method to assist in Csound score generation. Additional examples and concepts from Heinrich Taube's book "Notes from the Metalevel", first published in 2005, will be cited below. Grace includes functionality for exporting, writing, and playing Csound scores. Dave Phillips has also written about Grace and "The Csound Connection" in his article "Algorithmic Music Composition with Linux, Part 2". s7 is also used in other Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA) applications such as SND and is closest as a Scheme dialect to Guile 1.8. The Grace console allows the use of s7, a Scheme implementation by Bill Schottstaedt. Beginning with version 3.3.0 in 2009, Grace, an alternative graphical interface, became available for using Common Music. Earlier versions, such as version 2.4.1, are console versions requiring a Lisp environment and optionally Emacs or XEmacs as text editor. Common Music, available on by Heinrich Taube, has versions going back to 2004. This article is about generating Csound scores from the Grace console (Graphical Realtime Algorithmic Composition Environment), using the extension language Scheme. ![]()
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